A Bibliography of Further Readings on African-American Lexington and Related Subjects People of Color and the Urban South
This bibliography is by no means complete, but it an initial beginning. Please email me other articles, film documentaries, and resources that would benefit researchers and interested Kentuckians.
Asante, Molefi and Mark Mattson. 1991. Historical and Cultural Atlas of African Americans. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
Asante, Molefi. 1987. The Afrocentric Idea. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Aubespin, Mervin. 1969. The Black Traveler in Kentucky, Frankfort, KY: Commission on Human Rights.
Blackwell, Blaine. 1977. The Urban South Comes of Age, 1900-1940 in The City in Southern History, Blaine Brownell and David Goldfield, eds. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press.
Boles, John B. 1984. Black Southerners, 1619-1869. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press.
Brown, Elsa Barkley and Gregg D. Kimball. 1995. Mapping the Terrain of Black Richmond in Journal of Urban History, v21, n3, March 1995.
Bullard, Robert. 1990a. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
-----------1990b. Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
Butcher, Philip, ed. 1977. The Minority Presence in American Literature, 1600-1900, Volumes I and II. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
Butler, John Sibley. 1995. Myrdal Revisited: The Negro in Business in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Byars, Lauretta Flynn. 1995. Lexington's Colored Orphan Industrial Home: Building For The Future. Lexington, KY: I.B. Bold Publications.
Dr. Byars examines the history of an African-American orphanage started and ran by a group of African-American women in segregated Lexington at the turn-of-the-century.
Calef, William and Harold Nelson. 1956. Distribution of Negro Population in the United States in Geographical Review, v46, n1.
Clayton, Obie, Jr. 1995. The Churches and Social Change: Accommodation, Moderation, or Protest in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Coleman, J. Winston, Jr. 1972. The Squire's Sketches of Lexington. Lexington, KY: Henry Clay Press.
Conzen, Michael P. 1990. Ethnicity on the Land in The Making of the American Landscape, Michael P. Conzen, ed. Winchester, MA: Unwin Hyman, Inc.
Cross, Malcolm and Michael Keith, eds. 1992. Racism, the City and the State. New York: Routledge.
Darity, William, Jr. 1995. The Undesirables, America's Underclass in the Managerial Age: Beyond the Myrdal Theory of Racial Inequality in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Delaney, David. 1993. Geographies of Judgement: The Doctrine of Changed Conditions and the Geopolitics of Race in Annals of the Association of American Geographers, January 1993.
Dentler, Robert A. 1995. The Political Sociology of the African American Situation: Gunnar Myrdal's Era and Today in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Department of Community Development. 1983. East End Neighborhood Development Plan. Lexington, KY: Department of Community Development.
Doyle, Edwina Ann, Ruby Layson, and Anne Armstrong Thompson, eds. 1987. From the Fort to the Future: Educating the Children of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Images.
This edited volume includes several articles on the legal and social history of education for Kentucky's African-American children.
Dwyer, Owen John III. 1995. White Eyes, Black Places: Geography's Representations of African- American Locales. Master's Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University: Geography.
Ferguson, Ronald F. 1995. Shifting Challenges: Fifty Years of Economic Change Toward Black-White Earnings Equality in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Forest, Benjamin. 1994. Race, Space, and Representation: 'Taming' Race Under the Voting Rights Act, Dissertation Proposal. Los Angeles: UCLA Department of Geography.
Goings, Kenneth W. and Raymond A. Mohl. 1995a. Toward a New African American Urban History in Journal of Urban History, v21, n3, March 1995.
-----------1995b. The Shifting Historiography of African American Urban History in Journal of Urban History, v21, n4, May 1995.
Goings, Kenneth W. and Gerald L. Smith. 1995. "Unhidden" Transcripts: Memphis and African American Agency, 1862-1920 in Journal of Urban History, v21, n3, March 1995.
Greenwood, Janette Thomas. 1994. Bittersweet Legacy: The Black and White "Better Classes" in
Charlotte, 1850-1910. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Gresson, Aaron David III. 1995. The Recovery of Race in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Harries, K.D. and Stanley Brunn. 1978. The Geography of Laws and Justice: Spatial Perspectives on the Criminal Justice System. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Harris, Trudier. 1991. Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.
-----------1982. From Mammies to Militants: Domestics in Black American Literature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Hartshorne, Richard. 1939. The Nature of Geography. Lancaster, PA: Association of American Geographers.
-----------1938. Racial Map of the United States in Geographical Review, v28, n2.
Haws, Robert, ed. 1978. The Age of Segregation: Race Relations in the South, 1890-1945. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.
Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks. 1993. Righteous Discontent. New York: Random House.
Hilliard, Sam B. 1990. Plantations and the Molding of the Southern Landscape in The Making of the American Landscape, Michael P. Conzen, ed. Winchester, MA: Unwin Hyman, Inc.
Hirsch, Arnold R. 1983. Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
hooks, bell. 1992. Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press.
-----------1984. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press.
Jackson, Peter and Jan Penrose, eds. 1994. Construction of Race, Place, and Nation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Jackson, Peter, ed. 1987. Race and Racism. New York: Routledge.
Jones, Bessie W. and Audrey L. Vinson. 1985. The World of Toni Morrison: Explorations in Literary Criticism. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Journal of Urban History. 1995a. v21, n4, May 1995.
-----------1995b. v21, n3, March 1995.
Kellogg, John. 1982. The Formation of Black Residential Areas in Lexington, Kentucky, 1865-1887 in The Journal of Southern History, vXLVIII, n1, February 1982.
-----------1977. Negro Urban Clusters in the Postbellum South in The Geographical Review, v67, n3, June 1977, pp. 310-321.
Kentucky Commission on Human Rights (KCHR). 1971. Kentucky's Black Heritage. Frankfort, KY: KCHR.
Kerr, Bettie and John Wright, Jr. 1984. Lexington: A Century of Photographs. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette County Historic Commission.
Knox, Paul. 1987. Urban Social Geography: An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Harlow, Essex: Longman Scientific and Technical.
Kobayashi, Audrey. 1993. Multiculturalism: Representing a Canadian Institution in James Duncan and David Ley, eds., Place/Culture/Representation. New York: Routledge.
-----------1990. Racism and Law in Canada: A Geographical Perspective in Urban Geography, v11, n5.
Kovitz, Milton R. 1961. A Century of Civil Rights. New York: Columbia University Press.
-----------1947. The Constitution and Civil Rights. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kusmer, Kenneth L. 1995. African Americans in the City since World War II: From the Industrial to the Post-Industrial Era in Journal of Urban History, v21, n4, May 1995.
Lancaster, Clay. 1978. Vestiges of the Venerable City. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette County Historic Commission.
Lee, Sharon. 1993. Racial classifications in the US census, 1890-1990 in Ethnic and Racial Studies, v16, n1, January 1993.
Lemann, Nicholas. 1991. The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Lewis, Earl. 1995. Connecting Memory, Self, and the Power of Place in African American Urban History in Journal of Urban History, v21, n3, March 1995.
Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government (LFUCG). 1988. 1988 Comprehensive Plan. Lexington, KY: LFUCG.
Ley, David. 1974. The Black Inner City as Frontier Outpost: Images and Behavior of a Philadelphia Neighborhood. Monograph n7, Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers.
Living Arts and Sciences Center. 1993. Touching the Past: Our Neighborhood, Ourselves. Neighborhood Tour Pamphlet. Lexington, KY: Living Arts and Sciences Center.
Lucas, Marion Brunson. 1992. A History of Blacks in Kentucky, Volume 1, From Slavery to Segregation, 1760-1891. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Historical Society.
Part One of the definitive work on the history of African-American Kentuckians. George C. Wright authors Volume 2.
Mack-Overstreet, Isabelle. 1996. Heritage: The Lexington African-American Discovery Guide. Lexington, KY: Central Bank and the Lexington Convention and Visitors Bureau.
This slender guide is perhaps the single best and most accessible guide to the history of African-Americans in Lexington.
McDaniel, Antonio. 1995. The Dynamic Racial Composition of the United States in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
McMeekin, Clark. 1957. Old Kentucky Country. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
Mohl, Raymond A. 1995. Making the Second Ghetto in Metropolitan Miami, 1940-1960 in Journal of Urban History, v21, n3, March 1995.
Monkkonen, Eric. 1988. Home Ownership and Mobility in America Becomes Urban. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Morrill, Richard L. 1981. Political Redistricting and Geographic Theory. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers.
Morrison, Toni. 1992. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Muller, Edward K. 1990. The Americanization of the City in The Making of the American Landscape, Michael P. Conzen, ed. Winchester, MA: Unwin Hyman, Inc.
Park, Robert E. and Ernest Burgess. 1967. The City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Price, Edward. 1951. The Melungeons: A Mixed Blood Strain in the Southern Appalachians in Geographical Review, v41, n2.
Rabinonwitz, David. 1977. Continuity and Change: Southern Urban Development, 1860-1900 in Blaine Brownell and David Goldfield, eds. The City in Southern History. Washington, NY: Kennikat Press.
Raitz, Karl. 1980. The Kentucky Bluegrass: A Regional Profile and Guide. University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Topics in Geography #14, Chapel Hill, NC: Department of Geography.
Rex, J. and R. Moore. 1967. Race, Community and Conflict. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Race Relations.
Sanborn Map Co. 1886- Insurance Maps of Lexington, Kentucky. New York: Sanborn Map Co. (Maps in series: 1886, 1896, 1901, 1907, 1934 and 1957).
Schweniger, Loren. 1992. The Roots of Enterprise: Black-owned Businesses in Virginia, 1830-1880 in The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. October 1992, v100.
Scruggs, Charles. 1993. Sweet Home: Invisible Cities in the Afro-American Novel. Baltimore:
Segoe, L. 1931. Comprehensive Plan of Lexington, KY and Environs. Cincinnati: L. Segoe Consulting Engineer and City Planner.
Smith, Gerald L. 1959. Blacks in Lexington, Kentucky: The Struggle for Civil Rights, 1945-1980. Thesis. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky.
Spohn, Cassia C. 1995. Courts, Sentences, and Prisons in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
Trotter, Joe W. 1995. African Americans in the City: The Industrial Era, 1900-1950 in Journal of Urban History, v21, n4, May 1995.
United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice (UCCCRJ). 1987. Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States: A National Study of the Racial and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Communities with Hazardous Waste Sites. New York: UCCCRJ.
Waller, Gregory A. 1995. Main Street Amusements: Movies and Commercial Entertainment in a Southern City, 1896-1930. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
This book by Greg Waller, a UK professor, discusses movie and live performance theaters in Lexington. It covers a critical period during Segregation and includes interesting material on the banning of Uncle Tom's Cabin in Kentucky at the turn-of-the-century.
Wilkinson, Doris. 1995. Gender and Social Inequality: The Prevailing Significance of Race in Daedalus, v124, n1, Winter 1995.
-----------1989. A Directory of Afro-American Businesses in Lexington in 1939. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Department of Sociology.
Williams, Juan. 1987. Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965. New York: Penguin Books.
Wright, George C.. 1992. A History of Blacks in Kentucky, Volume 2, In Pursuit of Equality, 1890-1980. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Historical Society.
The second volume of the definitive history of African-American Kentuckians.
----------1990. Racial Violence in Kentucky, 1865-1940: Lynchings, Mob Rule, and "Legal Lynchings". Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
Dr. Wright examines a history of violence and oppression within Kentucky executed both through mob lynchings and through racially-biased Kentucky courts. Wright's work heavily critiques the often cited belief that slavery and subsequent race relations in Kentucky were 'benign' compared to states further south.
Weixlmann, Joe and Chester J. Fontenot, eds. 1986. Belief vs. Theory in Black American Literary Criticism. Greenwood, FL: The Penkevill Publishing Co.
Wright, John, Jr. 1982. Lexington: Heart of the Bluegrass. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette County Historic Commission.
-----------1961. Ante-Bellum Houses of the Bluegrass. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette County Historic Commission.
Writer's Program, Works Project Administration (WPA). 1939a. A Real Property Survey of Lexington, Kentucky, and its Suburbs.Washington, DC: WPA.
-----------1939b. Kentucky: A Guide to the Bluegrass State. Washington, DC: WPA.
-----------1938. Lexington and the Bluegrass Country. Lexington, KY: E. M. Glass.